# operator<<,>>(std::bitset)

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< cpp‎ | utility‎ | bitset

Defined in header `<bitset>` |  |
template< class CharT, class Traits, std::size_t N > std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& operator<<( std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os, const std::bitset<N>& x ); | (1) |
template< class CharT, class Traits, std::size_t N > std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits>& operator>>( std::basic_istream<CharT, Traits>& is, std::bitset<N>& x ); | (2) |

Inserts or extracts a bitset from a character stream.

1) Writes the bitset x to the character stream os as if by first converting it to a std::basic_string<CharT, Traits> using to_string(), and then writing it into os using the `operator<<` (which is a FormattedOutputFunction for strings). The characters to use for ones and zeroes are obtained from the currently-imbued locale by calling std::use_facet<std::ctype<CharT>>(os.getloc()).widen() with '1' and '0' as arguments.
2) Behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts up to N characters from is and stores the characters in the bitset x.

Characters are extracted until either

- N characters have been read,
- end-of-file occurs in is, or
- the next character is neither is.widen('0') nor is.widen('1').

If N > 0 and no characters are extracted, is.setstate(ios_base::failbit) is called.

### Parameters

os | - | the character stream to write to
is | - | the character stream to read from
x | - | the bitset to be read or written

### Return value

1) os
2) is

### Example

Run this code

    #include <bitset>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <sstream>

    int main()
    {
        std::string bit_string = "001101";
        std::istringstream bit_stream(bit_string);

        std::bitset<3> b1;
        bit_stream >> b1; // reads "001", stream still holds "101"
        std::cout << b1 << '\n';

        std::bitset<8> b2;
        bit_stream >> b2; // reads "101", populates the 8-bit set as "00000101"
        std::cout << b2 << '\n';
    }

Output:

    001
    00000101

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 303 | C++98 | single-byte characters were extracted from is, but `CharT` can have multiple bytes | extracts `CharT` and compares it with widened '0' and '1'
LWG 396 | C++98 | the content written by operator<< was locale-independent | writes widened '0's and '1's
LWG 3199 | C++98 | extracting a `std::bitset<0>` always sets `failbit` | such extraction never sets `failbit`

### See also

operator<<=operator>>=operator<<operator>> | performs binary shift left and shift right (public member function)

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