# std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_last_of

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< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string

| (1) |
size_type find_last_of( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  | (until C++11)
size_type find_last_of( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr size_type find_last_of( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  | (since C++20)
| (2) |
size_type find_last_of( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const; |  | (until C++11)
constexpr size_type find_last_of( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const; |  | (since C++11)
| (3) |
size_type find_last_of( const CharT* s, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  | (until C++20)
constexpr size_type find_last_of( const CharT* s, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  | (since C++20)
| (4) |
size_type find_last_of( CharT ch, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  | (until C++11)
size_type find_last_of( CharT ch, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr size_type find_last_of( CharT ch, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  | (since C++20)
| (5) |
template< class StringViewLike > size_type find_last_of( const StringViewLike& t, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept(/* see below */); |  | (since C++17) (until C++20)
template< class StringViewLike > constexpr size_type find_last_of( const StringViewLike& t, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept(/* see below */); |  | (since C++20)

Finds the last character equal to one of characters in the given character sequence. The exact search algorithm is not specified. The search considers only the range `[`​0​`,` pos`]`. If none of the characters in the given character sequence is present in the range, npos will be returned.

1) Finds the last character equal to one of characters in str.
2) Finds the last character equal to one of characters in range `[`s`,` s + count`)`. This range can include null characters.
If `[`s`,` s + count`)` is not a valid range, the behavior is undefined.
3) Finds the last character equal to one of characters in character string pointed to by s. The length of the string is determined by the first null character using Traits::length(s).
If `[`s`,` s + Traits::length(s)`)` is not a valid range, the behavior is undefined.
4) Finds the last character equal to ch.
5) Implicitly converts t to a string view sv as if by std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> sv = t;, then finds the last character equal to one of characters in sv.
This overload participates in overload resolution only if std::is_convertible_v<const StringViewLike&,
std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>> is true and std::is_convertible_v<const StringViewLike&, const CharT*> is false.

In all cases, equality is checked by calling `Traits::eq`.

### Parameters

str | - | string identifying characters to search for
pos | - | position at which the search is to finish
count | - | length of character string identifying characters to search for
s | - | pointer to a character string identifying characters to search for
ch | - | character to search for
t | - | object (convertible to std::basic_string_view) identifying characters to search for

### Return value

Position of the found character or npos if no such character is found.

### Exceptions

1,4) Throws nothing.
5)
`noexcept` specification:
noexcept(std::is_nothrow_convertible_v<const T&, std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>>)

If an exception is thrown for any reason, this function has no effect (strong exception safety guarantee).

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>

    int main()
    {
        const std::string path = "/root/config";
        auto const pos = path.find_last_of('/');
        const auto leaf = path.substr(pos + 1);

        std::cout << leaf << '\n';
    }

Output:

    config

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 141 | C++98 | overload (1) could only return npos if pos >= size() | the search range is `[`​0​`,` size()`)` in this case
LWG 847 | C++98 | there was no exception safety guarantee | added strong exception safety guarantee
LWG 2064 | C++11 | overloads (3,4) were noexcept | removed
LWG 2946 | C++17 | overload (5) caused ambiguity in some cases | avoided by making it a template
P1148R0 | C++11 C++17 | noexcept for overloads (4,5) were accidently dropped by LWG2064/LWG2946 | restored

### See also

find | finds the first occurrence of the given substring (public member function)
rfind | find the last occurrence of a substring (public member function)
find_first_of | find first occurrence of characters (public member function)
find_first_not_of | find first absence of characters (public member function)
find_last_not_of | find last absence of characters (public member function)
find_last_of (C++17) | find last occurrence of characters (public member function of `std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>`)

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