# std::basic_stacktrace<Allocator>::end, std::basic_stacktrace<Allocator>::cend

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | utility‎ | basic stacktrace

const_iterator end() const noexcept; | (1) | (since C++23)
const_iterator cend() const noexcept; | (2) | (since C++23)

Returns the iterator pointing past the last entry of the `basic_stacktrace`.

This iterator acts as a placeholder; attempting to dereference it results in undefined behavior.

### Parameters

(none)

### Return value

The end iterator.

### Complexity

Constant.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <stacktrace>

    int main()
    {
        auto trace       = std::stacktrace::current();
        auto empty_trace = std::stacktrace{};

        // Print stacktrace.
        std::for_each(trace.begin(), trace.end(),
                      [](const auto& f) { std::cout << f << '\n'; });

        if (empty_trace.begin() == empty_trace.end())
            std::cout << "stacktrace 'empty_trace' is indeed empty.\n";
    }

Possible output:

    0x0000000000402BA8 in ./prog.exe
    __libc_start_main in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
    0x0000000000402A29 in ./prog.exe
    stacktrace 'empty_trace' is indeed empty.

### See also

begin cbegin (C++23) | returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)

Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/utility/basic_stacktrace/end&oldid=129024"