# std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rend, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crend

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string

| (1) |
reverse_iterator rend(); |  | (until C++11)
reverse_iterator rend() noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr reverse_iterator rend() noexcept; |  | (since C++20)
| (2) |
const_reverse_iterator rend() const; |  | (until C++11)
const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept; |  | (since C++20)
| (3) |
const_reverse_iterator crend() const; |  | (until C++11)
const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (until C++20)
constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept; |  | (since C++20)

Returns a reverse iterator to the character following the last character of the reversed string. It corresponds to the character preceding the first character of the non-reversed string. This character acts as a placeholder, attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.

### Parameters

(none)

### Return value

Reverse iterator to the character following the last character.

### Complexity

Constant.

### Notes

In libstdc++, `crend()` is not available in C++98 mode.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <string>

    int main()
    {
        std::string p("[A man, a plan, a canal: Panama]");
        std::string q;

        std::copy(p.crbegin(), p.crend(), std::back_inserter(q));
        std::cout << "q = " << q << '\n';

        std::copy(q.crbegin(), q.crend(), p.rbegin());
        std::cout << "p = " << p << '\n';
    }

Output:

    q = ]amanaP :lanac a ,nalp a ,nam A[
    p = ]amanaP :lanac a ,nalp a ,nam A[

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 1192 | C++98 | std::basic_string did not have the member function `crend()` | added

### See also

rbegin crbegin (DR*) | returns a reverse iterator to the beginning (public member function)
rend crend (C++17) | returns a reverse iterator to the end (public member function of `std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>`)

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